The Efficacy And Advantages Of Inserting Foreign Genes Into The Chloroplastic Genome Instead Of The Nuclear Genome

The Efficacy And Advantages Of Inserting Foreign Genes Into The Chloroplastic Genome Instead Of The Nuclear Genome This paper will talk about the viability and focal points of embeddings outside qualities into the chloroplastic genome rather than the atomic genome. It will likewise cover top to bottom elaboration of pertinent issues by utilizing named examples.In DNA, neighboring nucleotides are joined by the phosphate between the 5 carbon particle of the sugar of one nucleotide and the 3 carbon iota of the sugar in the connecting nucleotide. In DNA, one side of the twofold helix ends in a 3 end while the opposite side, adjusted the other way (antiparallel), ends in a 5 end. To these anticipating 3 closures, a short arrangement of indistinguishable nucleotides containing adenine were appended through the movement of another chemical. Another cluster of DNA was treated in a moreover way, then again, actually nucleotides containing thymine were included rather than adenine.(Avril, 187-94)When these two examples of DNA were blended, the correlative tails of An and T-bearing nucleotides got joined by hydrogen holding. This joined the once discrete sections into since quite a while ago, interconnected chains. DNA ligase was then added to frame bonds between the sugar and phosphate gatherings. The two DNA strands were presently one. It was unquestionably captivating that one could now cut up DNA into eccentric heterogeneous sections and arbitrarily join them back together. Nonetheless, for additional bits of knowledge into the association of DNA and its qualities that is, the assurance of exact nucleotideâ sequences unmistakable nucleases would need to be found. The overall supposition was that such explicit DNA-cutting capacity didn't exist in nature. The main piece of information to the likelihood that increasingly explicit nucleases may exist originated from perceptions starting as ahead of schedule as 1953 that when DNA atoms from E. coli were brought into another marginally extraordinary type of E. coli they only occasionally worked hereditarily. They were immediately separ ated into littler pieces. This obviously was a piece of a framework that had developed in microbes to secure them against the passageway of outside DNA. Notwithstanding the entirety of the other increasingly clear types of rivalry in nature, there is a consistent imperceptible battle happened in the infinitesimal world, for this situation among microscopic organisms and bacteriophages. Darwins regular choice is reproduced here on a moment scale.(David, 131-44) First, microbes can be developed under controlled conditions, quickly and in huge numbers. Overnight, a couple of cells will increase into actually billions. It is imperative to comprehend that a bacterial cell usually recreates just by replicating itself. Expecting that no transformations happen in the cells, all the relatives of that one cell are indistinguishable. Such a populace of cells starting from a solitary cell is named a clone and the way toward creating that clone is alluded to as cloning the cell. The DNA in a com monplace bacterial cell exists in two structures. One is the single bacterial chromosome which, in contrast to the chromosomes in our cells, is as a roundabout atom. The DNA of every other creature can be compared to a long string. In microorganisms, the closures of the string are joined, shaping a circle. Notwithstanding the DNA in the bacterial chromosome, DNA likewise happens in microbes as plasmids. These, similar to the bacterial chromosome, are likewise round DNA atoms, however a lot littler. At the point when the bacterial cell separates, the bacterial chromosome imitates and one chromosome is given to the new cell. Similarly, every one of the plasmids duplicate and half are conveyed to the people to come. The plasmids are interesting, free, self-repeating DNA particles which can exist just inside the living bacterial cell.Plasmids can without much of a stretch be disengaged from microbes by tearing open the phones with proteins which separate the phone divider. The subsequen t blend is centrifuged.The heavier chromosomal DNA, named genomic DNA, just as cell pieces will go to the base. (James, 44-49) This leaves a moderately perfect suspension of plasmids close to the highest point of the axis tube. These minuscule circles of DNA are really not fundamental to the endurance of the bacterium. The plasmids can be expelled from a bacterial cell and the cell will work ordinarily. In any case, a few plasmids do contain qualities which present a checked bit of leeway to the cell under specific conditions. For instance, the deadly toxin of tetanus is a result of qualities in plasmids of the lockjaw bacterium. E. coli has plasmids that cause one type of the notorious explorers looseness of the bowels. Likely the most broadly examined plasmid qualities are the ones giving protection from explicit anti-infection agents. Certain microbes can create catalysts coded for by plasmid qualities that separate anti-infection agents, for example, penicillin, ampicillin, anti biotic medication, or chloramphenicol. In nature, this gives the microscopic organisms a safeguard system against normally happening anti-toxins. In the tissues of a contaminated patient, microscopic organisms with these plasmids may beat the organization of restorative anti-infection agents. Such safe diseases have become a significant clinical issue. This apparently exclusive portrayal of bacterial life contains another key component in our story. These bacterial plasmids are utilized as the DNA atoms into which other DNA sections cut out by a limitation compound can be set. Returning to our unique standard, in the event that we cut up any DNA with a limitation chemical and cut plasmids with a similar protein, blend the cut plasmids and the cut DNA within the sight of DNA ligase, plasmid-outside DNA delusions will be shaped. Quality cloning currently takes care of these issues. To clone a quality methods basically to acquire a moment, unadulterated example of the quality and make parcels a greater amount of it, as though one had an archive and made numerous indistinguishable ones by copying it. The copying of qualities is practiced by first joining a couple of the qualities to vectors, for example, plasmids and embeddings the vectors, presently conveying the quality, into microscopic organisms or other reasonable cells. We have presented the fundamental standards of quality cloning as of now. In that procedure, alleged outside DNA, the DNA we have expelled from a life form, is embedded into the vector atom, for example, a plasmid, to make a DNA delusion. The structure of such composites or counterfeit recombinant particles has likewise been named hereditary building or quality control. This system has likewise been alluded to as atomic cloning or quality cloning on the grounds that a populace of hereditarily indistinguishable microbes, all containing the ideal DNA, can be developed in extraordinary numbers, along these lines duplicating the DNA as regularly as the cells separate. (Roger, 34-38) What is exceptionally critical is that these delusions inside the bacterial cells might have the option to duplicate themselves as well as really produce a particular quality item in enormous sums. This methodology has just been used in the business creation of human insulin, development hormone, and the antiviral protein interferon. These would now be able to be made by microorganisms, on the grounds that the human qualities that direct their blend have been separated and cloned in microscopic organisms. The bacterial cells, developed in immense numbers, respectful to the orders of their qualities, presently make a human quality item. Human quality items got from qualities confined and cloned during the Human Genome Project will without a doubt likewise be utilized to serve mankind, especially in the fix and counteraction of sickness. Think about the unequivocal and understood issues. Our qualities are a piece of the chromosomes which work insi de the core of every cell. Each inadequate quality is in this way inside every diploid physical (nonreproductive) cell and dispersed indiscriminately in the haploid gametes. The point of quality treatment is to supplant or enhance the flawed hereditary data with typical, practical qualities. How would we be able to potentially get at those unfortunate qualities, covered up as they are inside the trillions of cells that establish the human body? The genuine physical evacuation and substitution of qualities in the bodys cells is unimaginable. Be that as it may, plentiful point of reference exists for the presentation of typical qualities into cells where they become some portion of the practical genome of the cell without requiring the evacuation or fix of an occupant nonfunctional gene.(Victor, 910-915)For there dwell the qualities, the chromosomal subunits wherein lies the code that decides much more than our hair and eye shading, our sex, or our stature, and right-or left-handednes s. They are the immediate reason for some maladies, for example, cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell weakness, control our inclination toward malignancy, cardiovascular failures, or Alzheimers ailment . . . truth be told, people are beset by in excess of 3000 known acquired maladies. Additionally another wilderness in atomic science has arrived. We are just presently drawing nearer through the Human Genome Project and the entirety of the examination that it will rouse a cozy comprehension of our qualities. This will carry with it a control over human life which must be utilized astutely. There is substantially more to be said on this subject in later sections, so let us come back to the current dramatization: the progressive revelation of the structure and quintessence of the quality.

Help Shape Future Societies Into Great Ones Religion Essays

Help Shape Future Societies Into Great Ones Religion Essays Help Shape Future Societies Into Great Ones Religion Essay Help Shape Future Societies Into Great Ones Religion Essay The Hebrew s left little writing to demo their imposts. Truth be told the solitary writing that is left from Hebrew society is otherworldly content. The core artistic plants being the Torah or Pentateuch, which is the initial five books of the Bible. These plants were non incorporated all together of books until after the fall of the Hebrew state. From these writings we get familiar with a few things about how they lived. They were an extremely thorough society. They were non human-centric, however accepted that God was the solitary of import being. This development had a monotheistic conviction. The God that they adored was a just God and they did non request Him. God had full authority over what took topographic point in their human advancement. On the off chance that they addressed God they accepted that they would be rebuffed. In spite of the fact that Hebraic development is extremely not quite the same as present day twenty-four hours human advancement, there are three of import inside informations that are as yet applicable today. First Hebrew human advancement was a Patriarchal society. Following, dress was of import to the situation of grown-up male. Last, justness was of import to their way of life. All through this paper I am making a trip to elucidate how these things were winning to their general public and how they are as yet a bit of our own today. One way that cutting edge human advancement is like the Hebrew s is that it was a Patriarchal society. In the account of Noah in the book of Genesis no names of the grown-up females are referenced. Despite the fact that our general public has come a long way in this nation. We are as yet a grown-up male first society. In a marriage the grown-up females for the most part take the grown-up male s last name. A customary pre-marriage ceremony ordinarily finishes with the expression I currently present to you Mr. what's more, Mrs. embed grown-up male s name here. In most two-parent puts the grown-up male is the caput of the family. This is valid in my family unit at any rate. Work powers are typically the 1s that hold the vast majority of the significant level occupations in America. Most political spots are help by work powers each piece great. They typically make a higher salary than grown-up females in a similar spot as them. In the story of imaginative action the Hebrew s saw Eve in a low-level place and accept that she was the ground for the harvest time of grown-up male. This sets the stage for how starting now and into the foreseeable future grown-up females are nt referenced so a lot and are in lower puts in the Torah. In spite of the fact that our general public is nt near each piece male centric as the Hebrew s were, we despite everything have plentifulness of sex imbalance. Another quality of Hebrew progress that is as yet seeable today is the manner by which clothes were of import and indicated the situation of grown-up male. This is obvious in the account of Joseph, which is other than in the book of Genesis. The coat that Joseph is given implied riches. The Jews adored holding a clump of shading in their attire. The length of a coat other than was of import in the family unit. As Joseph rose in influence his attire exemplified more riches. As he fell in force or position he was deprived of his array or had clothes as articles of clothing. In our general public today clothes as often as possible do demo position. People groups need to buy the top exchange names so they can lift to a higher position or if nothing else seem like they are of a higher classification. People groups in high places are relied upon to have on more pleasant vesture than those in the lower classifications. People groups feel this happens only in secondary school with youngsters yet this is normal in adults each piece great. The expensive shops that well off, shrill individuals store at, ensure that it is non simple for low classification individuals to shop where they shop. At tire, as in the Hebrew progress shows position of the social orders individuals. Third, justness was a property that was of import to the Hebrew s. It is something that is other than of import in our general public regardless of the way that we see it extremely in any case than the Hebrew s did in their clasp. Their situation of justness is shown in how God rebuffs His kin. It is appeared in a large number of the abstract plants that we have examined. The account of Creation shows their situation of justness. Adam was condemned to an existence of troublesome work alongside each other homo that was to come. Eve would suffer from birth strivings and the snake would eat soil. God had justness how he saw fit of rage. That would be the manner by which the Hebrew s saw this situation. Equity is other than appeared in the account of Noah and the Tower of Babel. Today we take a gander at justness a little spot unique. Our considerations of justness appear to come to a great extent from the court. We consider liable until demonstrated unpracticed individual or an oculus for an oculus. We without a doubt question things not at all like the Hebrew s. In all actuality justness is a mind boggling thing in our social orders eyes. We certainly do nt hold an ideal justness framework, yet it is something that we see actually amazingly, much like the Hebrew s. In choice, the Hebrew human progress has given a couple of things to our cutting edge twenty-four hours society. We contrast in numerous nations yet through clasp and a wide range of civilisations the entirety of the human advancements have framed our general public into what it is today. The writing that has been deserted from all civic establishments has given us a look into how our way of life has formed into what it is today. The Hebrew customs went along to us the trait of a male centric culture. Despite the fact that along these lines, life previously and halfway presently has been all the more hard for grown-up fem ales. Hebrew s other than identified with us in the way that vesture is of import to demoing the situation of grown-up male. Last, they esteemed justness. Despite the fact that they esteemed it extremely in any case than our general public, it was as yet of import to them, much like it is to our general public. Customs are passed down from coevalss to coevalss as they are passed down things change. We perceive that through the writing that we read from the past developments. As clasp passes by and more writing is composed we will at last be the past human advancements. What we are go forthing behind today could help decide future social orders into extraordinary 1s!

Blog Archive Free Ding Reviews for MBA Reapplicants!

Blog Archive Free Ding Reviews for MBA Reapplicants! Did you apply to your dream business school this past season, but were left confused and disappointed by receiving a ding, aka a denied acceptance?  To help you improve your chances the next time around, we offer a Ding Review service. This offering typically costs $650 per school, but this is your unique opportunity to get this valuable service  completely free! There is no catch! We are simply offering one free Ding Review service to up to 20 MBA reapplicants. If you are interested in this free service, simply email a PDF of your completeâ€"yet unfortunately unsuccessfulâ€"application (including any letters of recommendation you may have) to  info@mbamission.com. By the end of April, we will let you know if you are one of the lucky 20 selected. Within 1-2 weeks of being notified that you have successfully claimed one of our free Ding Reviews, you will receive a detailed written analysis of your previous application produced by one of mbaMission’s Senior Consultants, as well as a 30-minute phone call with that consultant to answer any questions you have about the review or about your reapplication strategy. Share ThisTweet Events mbaMission Events News

The Laws And Protective Legislation - 1830 Words

LAWS/ PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION The APHA asked states to pass laws forbidding spitting, coughing and sneezing in public without covering the mouth to prevent the spread of influenza. Legislation was passed to prevent the use of common cups and required sterilization of eating and drinking utensils. Caregivers were encouraged to wear gauze masks when caring for patients and advertisements encouraged people wash hands frequently, especially before meals, and avoid sharing hand towels or eating and drinking with shared utensils. Additional protective measures suggested by the APHA included: Sterilization and disinfection for bedding and nurses uniforms, gauze hospital masks, paper tissues, and antiseptic hand wash. Pasteurization of milk was†¦show more content†¦The government should have also activated the Red Cross and Colored Red Cross Organizations and coordinated efforts between female aid workers to help manage childcare, nursing, food and health care at the community level. As influenza continued to spread, local officials urgently requested the Public Health Service to find more nurses and doctors. In October, Congress appropriated a million dollars for the Public Health Service. The money enabled the PHS to recruit and pay for additional doctors and nurses. The existing shortage of doctors and nurses, caused by the war, made it difficult for the PHS to locate and hire qualified practitioners. The virulence of the disease also meant that many nurses and doctors contracted influenza within days of being hired.Confronted with a shortage of hospital beds, many local officials ordered that community centers and local schools be transformed into emergency hospitals. In some areas, the lack of doctors meant that nursing and medical students were drafted to staff these makeshift hospitals.† -http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/history/1918/the_pandemic/influenza/index.html Poor organized communication and coordination of support efforts affected the spread of the virus and increased mortality rates in most communities.Before the pandemic erupted to new heights, number of doctors increased from twenty five, to two hundred fifty. Because the death rates were so high, many people were hesitant about

8 Things Adult Students Need to Know About Test Prep

Finland - 1427 Words

Microeconomics of Competitiveness: Firms, Clusters, and Economic Development Submission of Assignment Student : Mas Wigrantoro Roes Setiyadi NPM : 8605210299 Program : S3 – Ilmu Manajemen – Pasca FEUI Date of Submission : September 13, 2005 Case: Finland and Nokia Assignment: 1. How was Finland able to move from a sleepy economy to one of the most competitive nations in the world by the end of the 1990s? 2. How was Finland able to become a world-leading nation in mobile communications? Why did this cluster emerge rather than others? 3. Why did Nokia become the world leader in mobile handsets? 4. What are the critical challenges for the Finnish government in 2001? For participants in the Finnish mobile communications†¦show more content†¦Using The Diamond of National Advantage theory (Porter, 1998), the strategy adopted by Finland begun with crafting factor conditions by creating a standard (Nordic Mobile Telephone / NMT) and adoption of global standards (GSM, CDMA, WCDMA), as a country has strong influence in making technology standard will enjoy economic and other intangible benefits (Goleniewski, 2002). In addition, Finland applied industry cluster strategy, despite though competition in mobile communication business. There are factors that shape the cluster emerge rather than others: a. The cluster represents inclusive approach accommodating all related players in telecommunication equipment industry, it based on value creation from direct raw material to valuable goods and services benefited by users; b. Members of the cluster also coming from capital market as well as education and research institutions; c. 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Operations Management in Johnsons & Johnsons †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management in Johnsons Johnsons. Answer: Introduction: Operation Management is a crucial part of management that is related with the controlling and designing the production process. It is concerned with organizing, planning and supervising the manufacturing, production and services provision. It makes the organization more efficient by effectively turning inputs into output. Johnsons Johnsons is a multinational company that deals with medical devices, consumer and pharmaceutical packaged goods (jnj.com. 2018). In the recent times, management combines and transforms different resources applied in the operations subsystem of the firm. This resource is converted into valued added services in an effective and controlled way as per the organizational policies (Hitt, Carnes and Xu 2016). In the recent times, Johnsons Johnsons has formulated all the strategies that lead to overcome the magnitude of changes in its technological and managerial procedures. Operations Management in Johnsons Johnsons: Quality management: Johnson Johnson is the most diversified and largest healthcare organization in the world. According to Heizer and Render (2014) Johnson Johnson takes major step to ensure sustained and consistent high-quality, effective and safe products. The organization took action after evaluating and settings targets to ensure standardization. As per the companys citizenship and sustainability report, it ascertained various material issues. This includes affordability and access to health care, ethical performance, global performance, global health and compliance. As mentioned by Slack, Chambers and Johnston (2010) ensuring safety and product quality is the major issue of Johnson Johnson. The company best serves their customers with its quality product to maintain its autonomy. The company has formed Johnson Johnson Quality Compliance (JJ QC) so that consistent implementation and standardization of its across its standards and policy across the organization. As per Greasley (2009) Johnson Johnson continuous and quality approach includes management review process. This requires the firm to continuously improve the quality system by ensuring adequacy, suitability and effectiveness. On the other hand as per Johnston, Clark and Shulver (2012) Johnson Johnson has achieved major proactive and integrated approach for continuous and quality improvement. The organization continues look at safety and quality throughout all product life cycles phases. Safety and health impacts are assessed for all of organizational important product categories in every business segment throughout the world. Johnson and Johnson recently are exploring innovative techniques to foster its proactive quality culture in a continuous manner. As mentioned by Chase, Jacobs and Aquilano (2006) the firms pharmaceutical segment is monitored continuously before the use of in-market products. Effective decisions on quality matters are taken by the Quality organization. Inventory management: Johnsons and Johnson aggregated amount of materials that are unprocessed should be used in production or manufacturing process raw material and its supplies has increased from 2015 to 2017 (jnj.com. 2018). Besides satisfying the market demand obtaining adequate performance, the effectiveness of organization is known through its enhanced features. The organization has online system for requests and orders that involves the authorized dealers. As per Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons (2008) the companys inventory management is massive complex. It is important that that the inventory management system is optimized so that the needs of the patients is met in a more transformational way. Effective inventory policies and high level of medical supplies services are essential objectives of health care industries (Slack et al. 2009). The main focus of the operations management of the firm is made by maintaining optimal inventory holding and ordering. Johnson Johnson addresses this decision is implemented through finished goods inventory by applying just-in-time inventory management. The medicines and related products are immediately shipped to fulfill the needs and orders of the customers. Johnson Johnson holds other products as a crucial finished goods inventory. To ensure optimal ordering of inventory and holding, the companys employees are also trained to increase the speed and transparency related to order fulfillment (Johnston Clark and Shulver 2012). The application of mobile computers by linking it to the databases and central computer has made the process more adequate. Moreover, operations management optimizes the inventory size so that cost is minimized. Job Design and Human Resources: According to Smith, Maull and CL Ng (2014) in this strategic decision area the main focus of Johnson Johnson, the main focus is human resource development. Training and development program is given by the organization to satisfy the concerns of the organization. As per the website report, the organization has also research teams and support centers for the purpose. The capability and adequacy are the major concern of organization in the fields of operations management. The organization uses adequate training programs so that the employees feel more empowered. Johnson Johnson should use proper workflow so that it could integrate creative and innovative ideas. Moreover, while making the decisions for inventory and operational management the company should engage in automation system. This helps in monitoring and controlling its overall inventory. This would further help in evaluating, monitoring and checking the productivity level of Johnson and Johnson. The pharmaceutical company should also use first in first out method so that earlier products are sold first before any new goods are introduced in the market (Choi, Cheng and Zhao (2016). staff motivation is important in the long-run as it would help Johnson Johnson to achieve maximum satisfaction of the employees and also creates performance appraisal. Operational strategy for Johnson Johnson: Johnson Johnson main objective is related to maximizing profit and market growth as a long-term strategy. Johnson Johnson has adopted strategy for global standardization and has lowered its cost by customization of products. Operational strategies consist of customer driven approaches that fulfill the desire and requirements of its potential target market. The quality of the product has been increased through proper innovation and added values (Chan et al. 2017). Johnsons and Johnsons have continuously enhanced its core competencies and on an ongoing basis has developed new strengths. The internal environment is evaluated to ascertain the strategy plan that internally affects the organization. Strengths: Johnson and Johnson being leading health-care brands have been ranked the best among its competitors in the industry. Abundant financial resources are used by the organization and further exploited by Research and Development department so that committed staffs are employed. They further create and innovates hygiene products due to usage of latest technology and companys brand image. Moreover, the focus is on the product leadership that offers its consumers the best product in the overall industry (Knoppen et al. 2015). The employees of Johnson Johnson are well motivated and have provided its employees various incentives. This ranges from personal to personal benefits including bonus for annual incentive, long-term incentives and severance benefits. The organization has expanded all around the world at an international level. The better world-wide distribution skills because of its global standardization strategy have allowed the firm to generate efficient market strategies by cost reduction (Hitt, Carnes and Xu 2016). This approach generally arrives through fast product development and economies of scale that is based on stable relationship with the distribution agents. Weaknesses: The major business strategy of Johnsons and Johnsons is to control cost. This leads rise to major drawback as it results in low customization. The organization is highly dependent on the success of its launch product that is vulnerable due to uncertainty. Conflict with its partner and portfolio companies also creates havoc in the operation management of the company. The ingredients used in the products are unsafe as per the government reports (jnj.com. 2018). The brand image of the company is adversely affected due to negative words of mouth. Therefore, it creates a negative impact on productivity of the organization. Moreover, the manager also lacks the flexibility required to overcome the existing challenge for changes required in the local market. Recommendation: Certain improvements are required in the Johnson Johnson Company. The firm should adopt more centralized approach for management so that the employees are more motivated. The firms need to be more involved in certain initiatives by developing incentives and rewards for achieving the goals of the organization. Though Johnson Johnson has a great collaborative relationship but outsourcing would help the firm in lowering the cost of production. The organization hires it employees completely based on their experience and ability but relocation of staff can also helps the firm to strengthen the companys management structure. The operation management decision of the firm should adopt additional core strategies to evaluate and adopt itself according to the changing environment. Conclusion: Johnson Johnson operation management area has been analyzed and its operational strategy has been reviewed. The firms operational management areas, where decision for quality management, inventory management and job design and human resources. It can be concluded that the organizations operation management decision is adequate but need to be more optimized and updated to yields maximum profit in the long-run. The present activities related to the organization have been analyzed and effective ways for the improvement of information is also considered. The operational strategy of the firm has also influenced and enhanced the firms competitive advantage in the business environment. Moreover, the strength and weakness evaluated from the operational strategy showcased the firms existing position in the business market. References: Chan, H.K., Lacka, E., Yee, R.W. and Lim, M.K., 2017. The role of social media data in operations and production management.International Journal of Production Research,55(17), pp.5027-5036. Chase, R. B., Jacobs, F. R. and Aquilano, N. J., 2006, Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Ed., McGraw-Hill. Choi, T.M., Cheng, T.C.E. and Zhao, X., 2016. Multi?Methodological Research in Operations Management.Production and Operations Management,25(3), pp.379-389. Fitzsimmons, J. A. and Fitzsimmons, M. J., 2008, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. Greasley, A., 2009, Operations Management, 2nd Edition, John Wiley Sons APM, 2013, APM Body of Knowledge, 6th Ed. Heizer, J. and Render, B., 2014, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 11th Global Ed., Pearson Prentice Hall Hitt, M.A., Carnes, C.M. and Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau.Journal of Operations Management,41(10), pp.107-109. jnj.com (2018).Johnson Johnson Homepage | Johnson Johnson. [online] Available at: https://www.jnj.com/ [Accessed 19 Mar. 2018]. Johnston, R., Clark G. and Shulver, M., 2012 Service Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery. 4th edition. FT Prentice Hall. Knoppen, D., Ate?, M.A., Brandon-Jones, A., Luzzini, D., Van Raaij, E. and Wynstra, F., 2015. 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